中国电信行业的技术进步与生产率变动——基于DEA-Malmquist指数法的分析

文章基于31个省市Panel数据,运用数据包络分析对中国电信市场的技术进步和规模效应进行测算,结果表明,在2007—2009年间,中国电信市场经历了一个先扬后抑的过程,在31个省市中,有16个省市处于规模效益递减阶段,这可能是因为企业规模扩张过度,而又因为金融危机使得企业在技术、资金和管理方面无法支撑过大的规模所导致,由此,电信行业的发展要重点把握好产业协调发展,完善产业的服务与管理水平,加强技术应用,避免盲目扩张。     

不同经营形式下的私有林经营规模效率研究——以福建为例

研究林业经营效率是林业经营管理与林业政策的重要议题,对不同经营形式下的私有林经营规模效率进行研究具有重要的现实意义。本文以林农的经营形式为切入点,通过对福建省三大林区的调查,运用DEA方法测算与分析了自留山经营、家庭承包经营、股份合作经营等三种形式的私有林规模经营效率,得出了总体规模效率有待提高、股份合作经营规模效率相对较高、生产要素配置不太合理等结论,最后对提升私有林林地经营规模效率提出了因地制宜,选择多形式的林地经营形式;完善林地流转制度,提高林业整体规模效率;优化资源配置,提高林业生产效率等建议。     

我国装备制造业发展效率评价——基于能源与环境约束的可持续发展视角

近年来,我国装备制造业发展存在着能源消耗严重、环境污染加剧等问题,制约着装备制造业的可持续发展。从装备制造业发展与社会发展的协调性、利用能源的可持续性和环境可持续性3个发展视角出发,应用DEA方法对我国装备制造业2005—2009年的发展效率进行评析,根据得到的结果提出对策建议,以期探索制约我国装备制造业发展效率的生态因素,为管理决策提供定量的参考依据。     

DEA模型在能源效率评价中的应用展望

随着我国经济的快速增长,能源需求压力日益增加。另一方面,能源效率低是我国由粗放加工型经济向高效集约型经济转变过程中的一个瓶颈。如何提高我国能源产业效率已成为能源研究领域学者关注的焦点。文章在分析和归纳DEA模型在能源效率评价研究的基础上,对DEA模型在能源效率评价领域的研究趋势进行了展望。     

Efficiency in the generation of social welfare in Mexico: A proposal in the presence of bad outputs

One of the main goals of any country is to secure the general welfare of society, entailing positive levels of education, health and income, coupled with low levels of social inequality. The following paper studies the efficient use of economic and social resources to generate social welfare in the presence of bad outputs in the states of Mexico during 2010. A two-level data envelopment analysis model was used to determine how efficient the 32 states of the Mexican Republic were, considering as model variables the socioeconomic indicators of the three dimensions of human development (education, health and income), and the data on poverty or inequity in the country. The analysis of the results reveals that only 5 of the 32 units studied were efficient in generating welfare and in reducing poverty, while the rest need to increase their welfare levels and especially reduce inequity in education and income using the economic and social resources they possess.     

房地产上市公司的绩效：基于DEA的2008年报数据分析

2008年对于中国的房地产上市公司而言是面临严峻考验的一年，房地产上市公司在面临来自国家宏观调控的同时又面临金融危机带来的楼市、股市的考验。如何面对上述考验，文章从定量研究的角度，利用数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis简称DEA）对中国房地产测评中心于2009年5月19日在上海发布的《2009年中国房地产上市公司测评研究报告》中的《2009年沪深房地产上市公司综合实力榜》的前二十名企业的绩效进行评价，DEA的方法可以同时考虑多投入、多产出的情况，因而能够对房地产上市公司的绩效做出有效评价，并对效率相对低的公司做出建议。     

2005-2007我国省际能源效率研究 ——基于DEA方法非意愿变量CRS模型的测度

 本文使用DEA方法测度了2005-2007年我国各省能源效率。通过在CRS模型中限定资本和劳动力为非意愿变量，发现效率提高了三年间能源技术效率平均提高4.32%，但各省之间的差异没有明显缩小迹象。比较全要素技术效率与能源技术效率得分还可以发现，能源效率低于劳动力和资本效率。进一步利用Malmquist生产指数的测算结果表明，技术进步是目前生产效率提高的主要因素，而且多数省份的技术进步还是倾向于劳动力和资本。     

Incorporating quality into data envelopment analysis of nursing home performance: A case study

When using data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a benchmarking technique for nursing homes, it is essential to include measures of the quality of care. We survey applications where quality has been incorporated into DEA models and consider the concerns that arise when the results show that quality measures have been effectively ignored. Three modeling techniques are identified that address these concerns. Each of these techniques requires some input from management as to the proper emphasis to be placed on the quality aspect of performance. We report the results of a case study in which we apply these techniques to a DEA model of nursing home performance. We examine in depth not only the resulting efficiency scores, but also the benchmark sets and the weights given to the input and output measures. We find that two of the techniques are effective in insuring that DEA results discriminate between high and low quality performance.     

A study of DEA models without explicit inputs

In performance evaluations, data without explicit inputs (such as index data, pure output data) are widely used. To directly use such data, this paper presents a study on building DEA models without explicit inputs, so-called DEA-WEI models, which are applicable to the evaluation applications where inputs are not directly considered. We provide an axiom foundation of these kinds of models, and further discuss how to incorporate value judgments of decision makers into these DEA-WEI models. Several such models are derived. Finally, applications of the DEA-WEI models are presented.     

A slacks-based inefficiency measure for a two-stage system with bad outputs

We model the performance of DMUs (decision-making units) using a two-stage network model. In the first stage of production DMUs use inputs to produce an intermediate output that becomes an input to a second stage where final outputs are produced. Previous black box DEA models allowed for non-radial scaling of outputs and inputs and accounted for slacks in the constraints that define the technology. We extend these models and build a performance measure that accounts for a network structure of production. We use our method to estimate the performance of Japanese banks, which use labor, physical capital, and financial equity capital in a first stage to produce an intermediate output of deposits. In the second stage, those deposits become an input in the production of loans and securities investments. The network estimates reveal greater bank inefficiency than do the estimates that treat the bank production process as a black box with all production taking place in a single stage.